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Chapter 1 on Why Gene Cloning and DNA Analysis are Important offers enhanced coverage in the secon on The early development of genecs, and What is gene cloning. Ÿ Chapter 2 on Vectors for Gene Cloning: Plasmids and Bacteriophages includes new sub-secons on Plasmids and its features, Transposons and other vectors, and Choosing vector depending on insert choice and applicaon. Also, the secon Plasmids in organisms other than bacteria now provides details of higher organisms. Ÿ Chapter 3 on Isolaon and Purificaon of DNA from Living Cells includes new sub-secons on Purificaon of DNA from plant ssue, Purificaon of DNA from animal ssue, and Mini prep, midi prep, and maxi prep. Also, the secon Measurement of DNA concentraon introduces the topic of spectrophotometry. Ÿ Chapter 4 on Manipulaon of Purified DNA includes new subsecons on Topoisomerase, Nomenclature of Restricon enzymes, Restricon endonucleases – Molecular Mechanism of acon, E. coli ligase and T4 Ligase, and Ligase independent joining of DNA molecules. Ÿ Chapter 5 on DNA Amplificaon and Analysis using Polymerase Chain Reacon includes new secons on PCR Variants, and Applicaons of PCR in clinical diagnoscs, forensic invesgaons, and agricultural biotechnology. Ÿ Chapter 6 on Introducon of DNA into Living Cells includes a new secon on Transformaon techniques and elaboraon of secons on Selecon of transformed cells, Idenficaon of recombinants, and Introducon of DNA in non-bacterial cells. Ÿ Chapter 7 on Cloning Vectors for Prokaryotes (E. coli) includes new secons on Phagemids, Phage-derived vectors, and Bacterial arficial chromosomes (BACs). Ÿ Chapter 8 on Cloning Vectors for Eukaryotes includes a secon on Shule vectors and sub-secons on Characteriscs of mammalian vectors, and Human arficial chromosomes (HACs). Ÿ Chapter 9 on How to Obtain a Clone of a Specific Gene offers an elaborated secon on Idenficaon of a clone from a gene library, and Examples of the praccal use of hybridizaon probing. Ÿ Chapter 10 on Sequencing Genes and Genomes includes a new secon on Maxam-Gilbert DNA sequencing. Ÿ Chapter 11 on Studying Gene Expression and Funcon includes a new secon on Heterologous gene expression. Ÿ Chapter 12 on Studying Genomes includes a new sub-secon on Mutaonal analysis. Ÿ Chapter 13 on Studying Transcriptomes and Proteomes includes new sub-secons on LC-MS/MALTI ToF/ ToF, Affinity tagged coprecipitaons, Opcal methods, and Physical interacons. Ÿ Chapter 14 on Producon of Protein from Cloned Genes includes new sub-secons on Transcriponal and translaonal fusions, Recovery of fusion proteins from IBs, Strategies to purify expressed protein, and Troubleshoong for geng enzymacally acve proteins. Ÿ Chapter 15 on Use of Recombinant DNA Technology in Medicine includes a new sub-secon on RNA interference in gene therapy. Ÿ Chapter 16 on Use of Recombinant DNA Technology in Agriculture includes new sub-secons on Abioc stress tolerance, Molecular markers and MAS, Developing virus-resistant plants using RNAi, Gene flow, and Labeling of GM food. Ÿ Chapter 17 on DNA Analysis in Forensic Science and Archaeology includes a new sub-secon on Paternity test. Ÿ Two new appendices, Vectors used for cloning transformaon of plant, animal and bacterial cells, and Genecally modified organisms, added.